本博文源于《语法知识清单》，今天讲述句法中的倒装句式与插入语。
倒装句式
主语和谓语有两种顺序：主语在前称为自然语序；反之，如果谓语在主语前面，称为倒装语序。倒装的形式有两种：部分倒装和全部倒装。有时把强调的内容提至句首，称为形式倒装。
部分倒装
部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、连系动词be)移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分保留在主语的后面。如果谓语部分无上述三种动词则需找助动词do、did、does来“帮助”它构成倒装句。主从复合句中主句倒装，从句不倒装。
only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时
- Only recently have I had time to read the book.
- Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.
具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语，固定搭配放于句首时，句子需部分倒装。
- by no means 一点也不
- not 不
- hardly 几乎不
- little 很少
- never 从不
例句：
- Seldom do barking dog bite.
- By no means should we look down upon the people who get the lower questions than us.
not only…but also…“不仅…而且…”.not only所在分词要部分倒装,but also所在的分句不倒装
- Not only do sharing bicycles provide great convenience for people to travel,but also they can ease traffic pressure.
not until…“直到…才…”.作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时，句子/主句要用部分倒装
- Not until his fiances are in the bank do I want to got married.
no sooner…than…与hardly/scarcely…when这两种句式要在主句进行倒装，即在no sooner和hardly/scarcely后倒装
- No sooner had he opened the door than a gust of wind blew the candle out.
so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物。其句型为:so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应
- I hadn’t been to Beijing before and neither had he.
neither…nor 连接两个分句时，两个分句都要采用部分倒装
- Neither was the director for the plan our was he against it.
在so/such…that(如此…以至于)句型中，若so/such…提至句首，则需要部分倒装。在这个句型中，so/such所在的主句倒装，that从句不倒装
- So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.
部分倒装用于省略了if的虚拟条件句
含有were,should或had的虚拟条件从句，可以省略if，条件从句使用部分倒装，结构是：Were/should/had + 主语
- Were I you,I wouldn’t buy the car.
全部倒装(完全倒装)
在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语部分会放在主语的前面
in,out,up,down,away,off,back,there,here,now,then等副词在句首作状语，谓语动词是come,go,rush,run等时,句子要完全倒装.
Down jumped the man from the horse.
表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是be,stand,sit,lie等时,用完全倒装结构
On the ground lay a sick goat.
such置于句首完全倒装
Such are the facts;no one can deny them.
分词/形容词+(地点状语+)be+主语
Seated in the front are the leaders of the school.
形式倒装
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把需要强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。
感叹句
- What a rich breakfast it is!
the+比较级…,the+比较级…句型
- The higher you climb,the farther you will see.
whatever…/however…引导的让步状语从句
- However rich people are,they always seem anxious to make more money.
as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况
表语的倒装
- Genuis though she was,she was quite unassuming.
谓语的倒装
- Fail though I did,I would not abandon my goal.
状语的倒装
- Much though I admire her,I cannot excuse her faults.
插入语
插入语的内容不是很多，都是一些固定句型。了解即可。为什么？因为大家在作长难句翻译的时候，知道如何翻译就行了。
